목차
Title page
Contents
Abstract/Résumé 4
Executive Summary 6
Introduction 7
The distributional impacts of climate change 8
Between-country distributional impacts of climate change 8
Within-country distributional effects of climate change 9
Uncertainty in the magnitude of climate change impacts 11
The distributional impacts of climate change mitigation 11
Channels of distributive impacts 11
Distributional effects via incomes ('source-side') 11
Alleviation measures for distributional effects via incomes 15
Distributional effects via consumption ('use-side') 15
Non-market-based policies and subsidies 18
Alleviation measures for distributional effects via consumption 19
Challenges in implementing alleviation measures 21
Political acceptability of climate transition pathways 21
References 22
Figure 1. Predicted mortality cost as a share of GDP under a high emissions scenario 9
Figure 2. Change in output, employment, and gross wage by sector in response to central scenario 13
Figure 3. Household expenditures on fuel and other energy, by income decile 16
Figure 4. Emission from fuel ("direct") and non-fuel ("indirect") consumption by country 18
Figure 5. Country average tax difference per household from the simulated energy tax reform 20
Figure 6. Distributional effects of a carbon tax under different uses of revenues 20
