Executive summary  7

Chapter 1. Global overview 13
Renewable energy consumption 13
Renewable electricity 15
Renewable transport  18
Renewable heat 21

Chapter 2. Electricity  29
Global forecast summary 29
Tracking the global tripling pledge 36
Regional forecast trends  41
Policy, technology and market trends 65

Chapter 3. Renewable fuels 126
Summary 126
Solid bioenergy 133
Biofuels 139
Biogases 157
Hydrogen and e-fuels 172