목차
Foreword xi
Acknowledgments xiii
About the Authors xv
Overview xvii
Abbreviations xxvii
1 Competition, Innovation, and Productivity in Latin America and the Caribbean 1
Productivity Trends in Latin America and the Caribbean 1
Growth and Creative Destruction in Latin America and the Caribbean 4
Policy and Regulatory Distortions Hamper Competition in the Region 23
Conclusion: The Region Has Been Plagued by Pervasive Barriers to Competition 32
Notes 35
References 36
2 Removing Barriers to Entry and Expansion 43
Introduction 43
Entry Barriers Harm Productivity 43
Ending Local Barriers to Entry Fuels Productivity Growth 47
Expansion Barriers for Existing Firms Can Be as Harmful as Entry Barriers for New Firms 52
Productivity Gains from Removing ICT Entry Barriers Spill Over to Other Sectors 54
Well-Regulated Market Entry May Increase Quality 59
Conclusions 66
Notes 66
References 67
3 Antitrust Enforcement 71
Introduction 71
Novel Data Sets 72
Abuse of Dominance Is Associated with Barriers to Entry 74
Cartels Keep Competitors Out and Raise Prices 76
Antitrust Enforcement Raises Sectorwide Productivity 77
Both Antitrust Regulations and Their Enforcement Matter for Productivity Outcomes 89
Conclusions 91
Notes 92
References 93
4 International Competition, Complementarity, and Capabilities 97
Introduction 97
China’s World Trade Organization Accession as an Import-Related Competition Shock to Firms 97
Mexico: The China Trade Shock Affected Firms and Markets Differently 101
Chile: Leaders Innovate in Response to International Competition 105
Peru: Domestic Producers Respond Positively to Input Market Liberalization 112
Conclusions 115
Notes 115
References 116
5 Getting It Right: Making Competition Work 121
Introduction 121
An Effective Competition Policy Framework 121
Reducing Regulatory Barriers, Improving Contestability 124
Leveling the Playing Field to Boost Market Entry and Expansion 133
Strengthening Implementation and Enforcement 135
Harnessing Complementary Policies 147
Conclusions 156
Notes 156
References 158
6 Concluding Remarks 161
Summary 161
