목차
Title page 1
Contents 6
Highlights 3
Introduction 9
1. Smart Technology Applications in Transportation and Law Enforcement 11
1.1. Cities use smart transportation technologies to manage traffic and inform planning 11
1.2. Cities use smart technologies to assist in identifying real-time criminal activity and investigating crimes 16
2. Smart Technologies May Benefit Cities' Transportation and Law Enforcement Operations but Data Governance Challenges Pose Privacy Risks 20
2.1. Some cities report benefits to transportation system operations from the use of smart technologies 20
2.2. Some cities report increases in speed of law enforcement actions and greater efficiency in criminal investigations 23
2.3. Assessing benefits of smart technologies across cities is difficult 24
2.4. Challenges implementing smart technologies include competing priorities for limited resources 25
2.5. Transparency and data governance pose challenges to cities using smart technologies 26
3. Policy Options 32
3.1. Facilitate improved collaboration to evaluate technology use 32
3.2. Policy option - Facilitate transparency when procuring and using smart technologies use 32
3.3. Policy Option - Facilitate effective data governance through the development and sharing of effective practices or standards 33
3.4. Policy Option - Status quo 34
4. Agency and Expert Comments 35
Appendix I. Objectives, Scope, and Methodology 37
Appendix II. Expert Participation 39
Appendix III. GAO Contact and Staff Acknowledgments 42
GAO contact 42
Tables 7
Table 1. Policy option - Improve collaboration to evaluate technology use 32
Table 2. Policy option - Increase transparency when procuring and using smart technologies 33
Table 3. Policy option - Develop and share effective data governance practices or standards 34
Table 4. Policy option - Status quo 34
Figures 7
Figure 1. Technologies for cities to manage transportation systems and inform planning 12
Figure 2. Smart transportation technologies aggregated for real time traffic management 13
Figure 3. Houston TranStar real-time traffic management center 14
Figure 4. Flow of vehicle and other data to transportation planners, transportation management centers, and others 15
Figure 5. Example of automated license plate readers transmitting data to a real-time crime center 17
Figure 6. Example of an acoustic gunshot detection system identifying a shooting location 18
Figure 7. Houston TranStar website provides a range of real-time traffic conditions to local drivers 21
