목차
1. INTRODUCTION 1
1.1. BACKGROUND 1
1.2. OBJECTIVE 1
1.3. SCOPE 2
1.4. STRUCTURE 2
2. GENERIC DESCRIPTION OF ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT PROCESS 3
2.1. PURPOSE 3
2.2. EIA PROCESS 3
2.2.1. EIA process in Member States with an established nuclear programme 5
2.3. GENERIC DESCRIPTION OF EIA CONTENT 5
2.4. ASSESSMENT METHODOLOGIES FOR EIA 6
2.5. APPROACHES TO EIA 6
3. CHARACTERISTICS OF SMRS 8
3.1. SMR TECHNOLOGY ESSENTIALS 8
3.2. SPECIFIC CHARACTERISTICS OF SMRS THAT MAY AFFECT AN EIA 8
3.2.1. Generated power 8
3.2.2. Footprint of the SMR site 8
3.2.3. Modular design 9
3.2.4. Non-electric applications 9
3.2.5. Siting locations 9
3.2.6. Underground construction 10
3.2.7. Refuelling 10
3.2.8. Source term 10
3.2.9. Waste management 11
4. CONSEQUENCES OF SMR CHARACTERISTICS ON THE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS OF SMRS 12
4.1. OVERVIEW OF POTENTIAL ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS 12
4.1.1. Atmospheric environment 12
4.1.2. Soil quality 13
4.1.3. Aquatic environment 14
4.1.4. Geology and hydrogeology 15
4.1.5. Aquatic wildlife and habitat 15
4.1.6. Terrestrial wildlife and habitat 16
4.1.7. Human health 17
4.1.8. Landscape and culture 17
4.1.9. Transport and traffic 17
4.1.10. Socio-economic factors 18
4.2. WASTE MANAGEMENT AND SPENT FUEL 19
4.2.1. Non-radiological waste 19
4.2.2. Radiological waste 19
4.3. TRANSBOUNDARY IMPACTS 19
4.4. STAKEHOLDER INVOLVEMENT 20
5. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS OF ACCIDENTS FROM SMRS 21
5.1. SCOPE 21
5.2. SPECIFIC ASPECTS OF SMRS THAT INFLUENCE ACCIDENT ASSESSMENTS IN AN EIA 21
5.3. SOURCE TERM FOR ACCIDENT CONSIDERATIONS 22
5.4. OTHER SOURCES OF RADIOACTIVE RELEASES 22
5.5. IMPLICATIONS OF ACCIDENTS ON EMERGENCY PLANNING 22
6. ALTERNATIVES 24
7. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS 25
REFERENCES 27
BIBLIOGRAPHY 29
ABBREVIATIONS 31
CONTRIBUTORS TO DRAFTING AND REVIEW 33
