목차
Title page 1
Contents 1
Abstract 3
Introduction 4
Results 6
Quality and safety indicators 6
Influences of the six patient-level factors: bivariable associations 7
Influences of six patient-level factors: multivariable regression model estimation 7
Comparison of ERNIE Bot with China’s Primary Care Providers, ChatGPT, and DeepSeek 7
Discussion 8
Methods 12
Data Availability 14
Code Availability 14
Acknowledgement 14
References 15
Supplementary information 22
Supplementary Note 1. SP scripts 23
Supplementary Note 2. Checklist, diagnosis and treatment 32
Supplementary Note 3. Examples of SP-AI interaction 34
Supplementary Note 4. The distribution of each specific item in the checklist 40
Tables 19
Table 1. Quality and safety performance by ERNIE 19
Table 2. Influences of six patient-level factors on the quality and safety performance of the AI consultations 20
Table 3. Comparing ERNIE Bot with China's Primary Care Physicians, ChatGPT 4o, and DeepSeek R1 21
Figures 18
Figure 1. The quality and safety indicators of AI consultations by patient age and household economic status 18
Supplementary Tables 22
Supplementary Table 1. Redefine measures of correct diagnosis, correct medication, unnecessary tests, and inappropriate medication 45
Supplementary Figures 22
Supplementary Figure 1. The quality and safety indicators of AI consultations by patient gender 41
Supplementary Figure 2. The quality and safety indicators of AI consultations by Residential Hukou registration category 42
Supplementary Figure 3. The quality and safety indicators of AI consultations by permanent residence category 43
Supplementary Figure 4. The quality and safety indicators of AI consultations by health insurance coverage 44
