목차
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS 5
LIST OF BOXES 8
LIST OF FIGURES 8
LIST OF TABLES 8
1. INTRODUCTION 9
2. OVERVIEW OF THE CLIMATE NEGOTIATIONS 10
2.1. The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change 10
2.2. The Paris Agreement 11
2.2.1. Goals of the Paris Agreement 11
2.2.2. Mitigation 12
2.2.3. Voluntary cooperation under Article 6 13
2.2.4. Adaptation 13
2.2.5. Loss and damage 14
2.2.6. Support 14
2.2.7. Education, training and public awareness 15
2.2.8. Transparency and reporting by Parties 15
2.2.9. Global stocktake 16
2.2.10. Committee to facilitate implementation of the Paris Agreement 17
2.2.11.Overview of key milestones in the implementation of the Paris Agreement 17
BOX 1: MILESTONES IN THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE PARIS AGREEMENT 18
3. TOPICS ADDRESSED IN THE CLIMATE NEGOTIATIONS AND MAIN ISSUES AT STAKE AT COP30 19
3.1. Mitigation 19
3.1.1. Communication of new NDCs 19
3.1.2. Mitigation ambition and implementation work programme 20
3.1.3. United Arab Emirates’ Just Transition Work Programme 21
BOX 2: IMPACTS OF THE IMPLEMENTATION OF RESPONSE MEASURES 22
3.1.4. Further guidance on features of the NDCs 23
3.2. Voluntary cooperation under Article 6 of the Paris Agreement 24
3.2.1. Overview of the rulebook 24
3.2.2. Issues at stake at COP30 in Belém 26
3.3. Adaptation 26
3.4. Loss and damage 29
3.5. Support 32
3.5.1. Finance 32
3.5.2. Technology 36
3.5.3. Capacity building 37
3.6. Education, training and public awareness 38
3.7. Transparency 38
3.8. The Global Stocktake 39
3.9. The Committee to facilitate implementation of the Paris Agreement 41
3.10. Other topics under the UNFCCC 42
3.10.1.Local communities and indigenous peoples 42
3.10.2. Gender and climate change 42
3.10.3. Agriculture and food security 43
3.10.4. Research and systematic observation 43
4. CONCLUSIONS AND OUTLOOK 44
4.1. Mitigation: addressing the ambition gap 44
4.2. Adaptation: addressing the information gap 45
4.3. Support: addressing the finance gap 45
4.4. Outlook 45
REFERENCES 46
