Title page 1

Contents 4

About the Martens Centre 7

About the author 9

Executive summary 11

Introduction 15

The economic landscape of right-wing populism 19

Property 20

State-market relations and regulation 21

Social policy 23

Labour market 24

Taxation 25

Financial markets 26

Trade relations 27

Monetary policy 28

Migration 29

European integration 30

Green transformation 31

Conclusion and recommendations 33

Key elements of right-wing economic thinking 34

Recommendations for centrist political forces 36

Appendix A 40

Appendix B 43

Bibliography 53

Figures 5

Figure 1. Property 21

Figure 2. Regulation 22

Figure 3. Social policy 23

Figure 4. Labour market policy 24

Figure 5. Taxation 25

Figure 6. Financial markets 26

Figure 7. Trade 27

Figure 8. Monetary policy 28

Figure 9. Migration 29

Figure 10. European integration 30

Figure 11. Green transformation 32

Appendix Tables 5

Table A1. Selected parties 40

Table A2. Economic dimensions 42

Appendix Figures 5

Figure B1. Coherence of positions 43

Figure B2. Internal and external economic relations 44