목차
Title page 1
Contents 4
Main Messages 6
Acknowledgments 8
Abbreviations 9
Purpose and Scope of the Study 10
Background and Literature Review 11
Introduction 11
DDS drive development and job creation 11
DDS and AI are increasingly intertwined 16
AI is disrupting DDS 18
AI in DDS: A framework for considering opportunities and risks 24
Country Cases 26
Introduction 26
The Philippines: Mature lower-skilled exporter 26
Uzbekistan: Emerging builder 44
Policy Considerations and Summary 60
Introduction 60
Policy-relevant barriers 60
Policy-relevant risks 61
Policy considerations by country archetype 65
Toward a framework for addressing the impact of AI adoption on DDS 66
References 68
Tables 5
Table CS3.1. DDS and commonly outsourced tasks 13
Figures 5
Figure CS3.1. GenAI use in the United States, by industry, December 2024 18
Figure CS3.2. AI Impacts on productivity, employment, outsourcing opportunities, and wages in DDS 19
Figure CS3.3. Four-archetype framework based on DDS exports, digital skill level, and intensity of GenAI use for select countries, 2023 25
Figure CS3.4. ChatGPT visits per internet user in the Philippines and other regions, May 2025 28
Figure CS3.5. AI exposure in EAP, by country 28
Figure CS3.6. AI adoption impact on jobs as seen by IT and business process firms in the Philippines 29
Figure CS3.7. Job postings in the Philippines, by occupation, 2022-24 30
Figure CS3.8. Employees and revenues of companies registered with IT Park Uzbekistan, 2017-24 45
Figure CS3.9. ChatGPT visits per internet user in Uzbekistan and other regions, May 2025 47
Figure CS3.10. Quarterly job postings by occupation in Uzbekistan, 2023-24 47
Figure CS3.11. High-level framework for shaping a response to the impact of AI on DDS 67
Boxes 5
Box CS3.1. AI and productivity of software engineers 20
Box CS3.2. Stock market suggests AI will profoundly impact BPM outsourcing firms in the Philippines 32
Box CS3.3. The double-edged sword of AI-powered accent neutralization tools in the Philippines 34
Box CS3.4. Spotlight on Viet Nam: A future hub for AI-driven DDS? 42
Box CS3.5. Building a spoken language corpus for Uzbek LLMs as a foundation for local AI tools 50
Box CS3.6. Private and public-private initiatives to address AI skills shortage in Uzbekistan 58
Box CS3.7. Upskilling software developers for outsourcing in an AI-enabled world 59
Box CS3.8. Potential impact of increased economic uncertainty and protectionism on DDS trade 64
Maps 5
Map CS3.1. DDS exports as a percentage of gross domestic product, 2023 15
Box Figures 5
Figure BCS3.1.1. AI's impact on software development productivity 20
Figure BCS3.2.1. Stock prices of large contact centers and BPM firms, 2020-25 33
