목차
Title page 1
Contents 1
Abstract 3
1. Introduction 4
2. Background 8
2.1. The Swedish education system 8
2.2. Income and wealth inequality in Sweden 9
3. Data 9
3.1. Sources and definition of key variables 9
3.2. Sample selection and summary statistics 11
4. Empirical strategy 12
5. Results 14
5.1. Causal estimates 14
5.1.1. Heterogeneity by parental SES 14
5.1.2. Heterogeneity by school SES 15
5.1.3. Non-linear effects 16
5.2. Robustness and external validity 16
5.2.1. Measurement of inequality 16
5.2.2. Outliers 17
5.2.3. Selection into schools 17
5.2.4. Other threats to the validity of the research design 17
6. Conclusion 18
References 20
Appendix A. Additional Results 31
Tables 25
Table 1. Summary statistics 25
Table 2. Balancing tests 26
Table 3. Exposure to inequality, human capital investment, and labor market outcomes: Descriptive evidence 27
Table 4. Exposure to inequality, human capital investment, and labor market outcomes 28
Table 5. Exposure to inequality, human capital investment, and labor market outcomes: heterogeneity by parental income and wealth rank 29
Table 6. Exposure to inequality and education and labor market outcomes: non-linear effects 30
Appendix Tables 34
Appendix Table A.1. Balancing tests: Lagged inequality 34
Appendix Table A.2. Exposure to inequality and education and labor market outcomes: heterogeneity by parental income and wealth rank (national distributions) 35
Appendix Table A.3. Exposure to inequality and education and labor market outcomes: heterogeneity by parental education 36
Appendix Table A.4. Exposure to inequality, human capital investment, and labor market outcomes: heterogeneity by parental income and wealth rank in low-income schools 37
Appendix Table A.5. Exposure to inequality, human capital investment, and labor market outcomes: heterogeneity by parental income and wealth rank in high-income schools 38
Appendix Table A.6. Exposure to inequality and education and labor market outcomes: robustness to restricting the sample to schools with a maximum cohort size of 120 39
Appendix Table A.7. Exposure to inequality and education and labor market outcomes: robustness to measuring inequality at the cohort gender level 40
Appendix Table A.8. Exposure to inequality, human capital investment, and labor market outcomes: Housing wealth 41
Appendix Table A.9. Exposure to inequality and education and labor market outcomes: excluding top 2% of the inequality distribution 42
Appendix Table A.10. Exposure to inequality, human capital investment, and labor market outcomes: Family fixed effects 43
Appendix Table A.11. Exposure to inequality and education and labor market outcomes: controlling for background characteristics 44
Appendix Table A.12. Exposure to inequality and education and labor market outcomes: controlling for peers’ parental characteristics 45
Appendix Table A.13. Peer effects in other dimensions 46
Appendix Figures 31
Appendix Figure A.1. High school graduation by socioeconomic background and income inequality 31
Appendix Figure A.2. Time series of income and wealth inequality for 10 schools 32
Appendix Figure A.3. Within. and between-school variation 33
