SUMMARY iii

FIGURES AND TABLES vii

CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION AND APPROACH 1

 Progress in Space Traffic Management Since 2022 2

 Research Approach 3

CHAPTER 2 COMPARING AND FRAMING DEFINITIONS OF INTERNATIONAL SPACE TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT 5

CHAPTER 3 GLOBAL PERSPECTIVES ON INTERNATIONAL SPACE TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT 9

 Space Traffic Management International Frameworks and Agreements 10

 United States 17

 Europe 24

 Indo-Pacific Region 35

 Crosscutting Lessons and Takeaways 44

CHAPTER 4 TOWARD AN INTERNATIONAL SPACE TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT ORGANIZATION 49

 North America Workshop Highlights 50

 Europe Workshop Highlights 52

 Indo-Pacific Workshop Highlights 54

 Crosscutting Lessons and Takeaways 56

CHAPTER 5 RECOMMENDATIONS AND CONCLUSION 59

 Recommendations 59

 Conclusion 63

APPENDIXES

 A SPACE TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT DEFINITIONS AND THE ENDS WAYS MEANS FRAMEWORK 67

 B TEXT ANALYSIS OF ENDS WAYS MEANS DEFINITIONS 75

 C WORKSHOP RESPONSE OVERVIEW 81

 D SUMMARY OF THE HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT OF U S SPACE POLICY 87

 E EUROPEAN SPACE TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT OUT TO 2050 89

ABBREVIATIONS 91

REFERENCES 93