About This Report iii

Summary iv

Figures viii

CHAPTER 1 Introduction 1

Defense Logistics Agency Mission and Processes 1

The Policy and Analytic Problem 2

CHAPTER 2 Water Purification on Ships 5

Bromination 6

Alternatives to Bromination 6

CHAPTER 3 The Demand Challenge 8

Bromine Cartridges for Ships: A Niche Product 11

CHAPTER 4 Tabletop Exercise 1—The Supplier’s Perspective 14

Exercise Design and Execution 14

The Private Sector 15

Public Sector Impacts 18

Tabletop Exercise 1 Conclusions 20

CHAPTER 5 Tabletop Exercise 2—Day 1: Alternatives for Potable Water Purification 22

Maintain Status Quo 23

Find Alternative Suppliers 23

Seek New Systems 24

Heavily Stockpile Bromine Cartridges and System Components 25

The Common Challenge Across Solutions 26

CHAPTER 6 Tabletop Exercise 2—Day 2: Other Commodities 27

Exercise Approach 27

Chill Water Pumps 28

Chemical, Biological, Radiological Suits 30

Airfield Matting 33

Applying the Lessons Learned from Bromine Systems to Other Commodities 34

CHAPTER 7 Conclusions and Recommendations 36

The Variability and Sufficiency of Demand 36

Brittle Supply Chains—the Private-Sector Component 37

Industrial Base Limitations—Systemic Issues 39

Abbreviations 40

Bibliography 41