목차
Title page 1
Contents 5
Acknowledgments 4
Executive summary 6
Introduction 8
1. Adoption trends 9
Recent evidence about AI diffusion 9
Adoption gaps between SMEs and large firms 10
Sectoral patterns of AI diffusion 12
Beyond adoption: The links between AI use and productivity 14
2. A proposed taxonomy of AI adopters 17
Taxonomy 18
3. Case studies 22
AI Novices 22
AI Optimisers 24
AI Explorers 25
AI Champions 26
4. Key enablers to facilitate AI adoption by SMEs 29
Connectivity 29
AI-enabling inputs 31
Skills 32
Finance 36
5. Policy approaches to AI adoption by SMEs 38
Country profiles 39
Selected policy examples beyond the G7 44
From AI Novices to AI Champions: Policy pathways for SME adoption 45
6. Proposed policy recommendations for governments to enhance AI adoption by SMEs 48
References 50
Annex A. Additional tables and figures 60
Tables 17
Table 1. Key dimensions of the proposed taxonomy 17
Table 2. Scope of AI application 19
Table 3. Complexity of AI use 20
Table 4. Barriers and preferences for government support vary by country 39
Figures 9
Figure 1. Share of firms using AI across OECD Member countries, 2020-2024 9
Figure 2. Share of enterprises using AI across OECD Member countries by size, 2024 or latest available year 11
Figure 3. Enterprises using AI technologies by type of AI technology and size class, EU, 2024 12
Figure 4. Share of firms using AI across OECD Member countries by sector and year (2021-2024) 13
Figure 5. Sectoral taxonomy of AI intensity, by indicator 14
Figure 6. Taxonomy of AI adopters 19
Figure 7. Categories of SME AI adopters 21
Figure 8. Differences in high-speed broadband adoption between small and large firms in OECD Member countries 30
Figure 9. A third of SMEs report experiencing a skills shortage in the last two years 32
Figure 10. SMEs associate generative AI with increased skill needs 33
Figure 11. Generative AI has increased the importance of data analysis and interpretation skills, along with a broad range of other skills 34
Figure 12. Where SMEs use generative AI, employees' participation in AI-related training is not common 35
Boxes 23
Box 1. Small coffee roaster in the United States 23
Box 2. Freelance photographer in Germany 23
Box 3. Local artisan bakery in France 24
Box 4. Small bag manufacturer in Italy 25
Box 5. Micro wholesale trade company in Japan 26
Box 6. Small healthcare company in Canada 27
Box 7. Small biotech company in the United Kingdom 28
Annex Tables 60
Table A.1. Share of enterprises using AI across OECD Member countries, by size or by sector 60
Table A.2. Latest available AI adoption rates from national sources 61
Annex Figures 61
Figure A.1. AI adoption rates have been increasing across all G7 countries 61
Figure A.2. AI adoption gaps between larger and smaller firms 62
