Executive summary 1

1 Introduction 2

2 How energy governance is organised in Europe 4

3 Fragmentation and shortcomings of the current architecture 6

 3.1 Lack of transparency 6

 3.2 Uncoordinated infrastructure planning 7

 3.3 Weak political coordination 9

4 Recommendations 12

 4.1 Open data and modelling 12

 4.2 An improved infrastructure planning process 14

 4.3 Credible and effective political coordination 15

5 Conclusions 15

References 16