Executive Summary / i

Background / 1

Canadian Case Studies in Adaptation and Resilience / 4

Case Study 1: Calgary, Alberta—Flood Adaptation via Infrastructure Upgrades / 7

Case Study 2: Montréal, Quebec—Heat Response and Urban Heat Island Adaptation / 9

Case Study 3: Winnipeg, Manitoba—the Red River Floodway Expansion / 10

Case Study 4: Manitoba—GROW Watershed Management Program / 12

Case Study 5: Saskatchewan—Forage Rainfall Insurance Program / 14

Summary / 15

References / 17