Title page 1

Contents 3

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 4

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 7

INTRODUCTION 10

PART 1: HUMAN RIGHTS IN THE DIGITAL ERA: ASSESSING THE IMPACTS OF AI & DATA-DRIVEN TECHNOLOGIES 15

CHAPTER 1. RIGHT TO EQUALITY AND NON-DISCRIMINATION 17

1.1. ABOUT THE RIGHT TO EQUALITY AND NON-DISCRIMINATION 17

1.2. IMPACTS OF DIGITAL TECHNOLOGY ON THE RIGHT TO NON-DISCRIMINATION 18

CHAPTER 2. RIGHT TO PRIVACY IN THE DIGITAL AGE 22

2.1. ABOUT THE RIGHT TO PRIVACY 22

2.2. IMPACTS OF DIGITAL TECHNOLOGY ON PRIVACY 23

CHAPTER 3. RIGHT TO FREEDOM OF EXPRESSION AND INFORMATION IN THE DIGITAL AGE 33

3.1. ABOUT THE RIGHT TO FREEDOM OF EXPRESSION AND INFORMATION 33

3.2. IMPACTS OF DIGITAL TECHNOLOGY ON FREEDOM OF INFORMATION, OPINION, AND EXPRESSION 34

CHAPTER 4. RIGHT TO AN EFFECTIVE REMEDY IN THE DIGITAL AGE 38

4.1. ABOUT THE RIGHT TO AN EFFECTIVE REMEDY 38

4.2. IMPACT OF DIGITAL TECHNOLOGY ON EFFECTIVE REMEDIES 39

CHAPTER 5. RIGHT TO SOCIAL SECURITY IN THE DIGITAL AGE 44

5.1. ABOUT THE RIGHT TO SOCIAL SECURITY 44

5.2. IMPACTS OF DIGITAL TECHNOLOGY ON SOCIAL SECURITY 45

CHAPTER 6. RIGHT TO WORK IN THE DIGITAL AGE 51

6.1. ABOUT THE RIGHT TO WORK 52

6.2. IMPACTS OF DIGITAL TECHNOLOGY ON THE RIGHT TO WORK 52

CHAPTER 7. RIGHTS TO FREEDOM OF MOVEMENT AND ASYLUM IN THE DIGITAL AGE 57

7.1. ABOUT THE RIGHTS TO FREEDOM OF MOVEMENT AND ASYLUM 58

7.2. IMPACTS OF DIGITAL TECHNOLOGY ON FREEDOM OF MOVEMENT AND ASYLUM 59

PART 2: RECOMMENDATIONS FOR UPHOLDING DIGITAL RIGHTS 64

1. A UK DECLARATION ON DIGITAL RIGHTS 65

2. BINDING AND ENFORCEABLE HUMAN RIGHTS-BASED TECH REGULATION 66

3. REDLINES ON UNACCEPTABLE USE CASES 67

4. TRANSPARENCY, ACCOUNTABILITY AND REDRESS 68

5. MEANINGFUL PUBLIC PARTICIPATION IN TECHNOLOGY AND AI GOVERNANCE 69

APPENDIX: A DRAFT DECLARATION ON DIGITAL RIGHTS 70

SECTION 1. EQUALITY & NON-DISCRIMINATION 73

SECTION 2. PRIVACY & DATA PROTECTION 74

SECTION 3. FREEDOM OF OPINION, EXPRESSION, INFORMATION & ASSEMBLY 76

SECTION 4. TRANSPARENCY, ACCOUNTABILITY & REDRESS 78

SECTION 5. CORPORATE ACCOUNTABILITY & FAIR COMPETITION 80

SECTION 6. ADEQUATE STANDARD OF LIVING 82

SECTION 7. FREEDOM OF MOVEMENT & ASYLUM 84

SECTION 8. FAIR & JUST WORKING CONDITIONS 85

SECTION 9. CHILDREN’S RIGHTS 87

SECTION 10. DIGITAL INCLUSION 89

SECTION 11. HEALTHY ENVIRONMENT 91

SECTION 12. LIFE, LIBERTY & SECURITY OF PERSON 93

Tables 16

TABLE 1. ACRONYMS 16

TABLE 2. STATE USES OF AI AND DATA-DRIVEN TOOLS AND ASSOCIATED PRIVACY THREATS 25

Figures 42

FIGURE 1. THE AI VALUE CHAIN 42