List of Abbreviations 2

Executive Summary 3

Introduction 4

Section 1: Domestic Building Blocks 6

Crisis Literacy 6

Crisis Experience 7

Crisis Consensus 10

Crisis Capacity 12

Section 2: Bilateral Building Blocks 14

The United States 14

China 14

Taiwan 15

Section 3: ASEAN Building Blocks 17

ASEAN-related Mechanisms 18

Intra-ASEAN Minilateralism 19

Section 4: Regional Policy Implications and Considerations 22

Notes 25