• 1.Introduction 9

1.1. The legislative cycle and applications for eTools 9

1.2. Overview of the research approach 12

1.2.1. Data collection on eTools 12

1.2.2. Analysis and reporting 13

1.2.3. Future research potential 14

• 2.The potential of eTools and AI in the legislative process 15

2.1. Findings from previous studies 15

2.1.1. The current use of digital and AI tools in the legislative process 15

2.1.2. Potential uses for digital and AI tools in the legislative process 19

2.1.3. Risks and challenges in the use of digital and AI tools 22

2.2. Existing strategies for the use of AI tools 23

• 3.Synthesis of the research results and findings 25

3.1. Mapping of eTools 25

3.2. Use cases of selected eTools 26

3.2.1. LEOS (Legislation Editing Open Software) 27

3.2.2. GenAI4Lex-B 31

3.2.3. LLaMandement 33

3.2.4. HANS 35

3.2.5. MOPED (Modular Open Platform for Electronic Documents) 37

3.2.6. AI Legislab 40

3.2.7. AI for Legal Text Analysis 42

3.2.8. Bundestag-Mine 43

3.2.9. Parlex 47

3.2.10. RIA (Regulatory Impact Assessment Platform) 49

3.2.11. Ulysses Suite 51

3.3. Summary of key functionalities 54

• 4.Policy options for the use of eTools in the legislative process 60

Annex A: Literature list 67

Annex B: Mapping of eTools 70

Annex C: Interviews 71

Annex D: Summary of focus groups 73