Title page 1

Contents 9

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 3

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 4

ABBREVIATIONS 10

01. CONTEXT 11

1.1. INTRODUCTION 12

1.2. SCOPE OF THE DOCUMENT 13

02. INTEGRATING NATURE-BASED SOLUTIONS INTO POLICY REFORMS FOR DISASTER AND CLIMATE RESILIENCE 15

2.1. WORKING AT DIFFERENT LEVELS OF THE POLICY FRAMEWORK 16

2.1.1. INTERNATIONAL POLICIES 16

2.1.2. NATIONAL POLICIES 17

2.1.3. SUBNATIONAL POLICIES 18

2.2. USING A MIX OF POLICIES FOR NBS 19

2.3. KEY PRINCIPLES TO GUIDE POLICY MAKING FOR NBS 22

03. SECTOR POLICIES TO ENABLE NATURE-BASED SOLUTIONS 24

3.1. ROLE OF SECTOR POLICIES IN ENABLING NATURE-BASED SOLUTIONS AND DISASTER RISK REDUCTION 25

3.2. DISASTER RISK REDUCTION POLICIES 26

3.3. CLIMATE CHANGE POLICIES 30

3.4. ENVIRONMENTAL AND BIODIVERSITY POLICIES 35

3.5. WATER POLICIES 39

3.6. AGRICULTURE AND FORESTRY POLICIES 44

3.7. BUILDING, LAND USE, AND URBAN PLANNING POLICIES 49

3.8. OTHER SECTOR POLICIES: TRANSPORT, ENERGY, TOURISM, AND EXTRACTIVE INDUSTRIES 55

04. CONCLUSIONS 61

BIBLIOGRAPHY 65

Figures 12

FIGURE 1.1. NBS Interventions that Provide Benefits for Resilience 12

FIGURE 2.1. Four Types of Policy Instruments 20

Boxes 36

BOX 3.1. ENVIRONMENTAL COMPENSATION POLICIES AS ENABLERS OF NATURE-BASED SOLUTIONS 36

BOX 3.2. THE WORLD BANK'S NATURE-BASED SOLUTIONS OPPORTUNITY SCAN FOR POLICY MAKING 51

Box Figures 51

Figure B.3.2.1. Example of the NBS Opportunity Scan Imaging of Dakar, Senegal 51