Title page 1

Contents 1

Abstract 2

1. Introduction 4

2. Data and methodology 5

3. Results 9

4. Discussion 13

5. Concluding remarks 15

References 16

Tables 8

Table 1. Description and data sources of key variables 8

Table 2. Data and methodological limitations, and implications for interpretation 15

Figures 6

Figure 1. The relationship between temperatures and relative risks of all-cause mortality for Bangkok 6

Figure 2. Monthly temperatures, median across 50 amphurs, 2016-2018 9

Figure 3. Counterfactual and heat-attributable excess deaths by month, 2016-2018 10

Figure 4. Attributable fraction, urban green space per capita, population, and heat-attributable excess deaths across Bangkok's 50 amphurs, 2016-2018 11

Figure 5. Economic costs of heat-attributable excess deaths, 2016-2018 12