Foreword 3

Executive summary 4

1 Introduction 6

1.1 Methodology 6

1.2 What is pushing quantum technology adoption in energy and utilities? 7

1.3 When will quantum applications materialize in energy and utilities? 8

1.4 Quantum solutions across the energy and utilities value chain 9

2 Energy (generation and supply) 11

2.1 Fossil fuels 11

2.2 Renewable and nuclear energy 16

3 Power and grid infrastructure 22

3.1 Transmission 22

3.2 Distribution 23

3.3 Storage 23

4 Utilities (public services and critical infrastructure) 29

4.1 Electricity and gas 29

4.2 Water and wastewater 29

4.3 Heating and cooling 30

5 Strategic roadmap for leaders 33

5.1 What holds quantum technology adoption back? 33

5.2 Actions to overcome quantum technology adoption challenges 35

5.3 Organization roadmap to adopt quantum technologies in energy and utilities 37

Conclusion 39

Contributors 40

Endnotes 43