Foreword 3

Acknowledgements 4

Executive summary 8

1 Towards a comprehensive measurement framework for artificial intelligence 9

Background 9

One technology, different angles: an overview of existing AI Indices 11

Objective and value added of the OECD.AI Index 13

2 The conceptual framework 14

Components and sub-components currently in scope 14

3 Data sources 20

Overview of key data sources 20

Country coverage and data gaps 22

Data gaps and potential extensions 24

4 Methodology 26

Data processing 26

Missing value imputation and normalisation 27

Weighting and Aggregation 27

Robustness and sensitivity 28

5 Results 29

Results 29

Case study: Sweden 33

6 Next steps 34