Acronyms 6

Introduction 7

Getting started: core concepts and key definitions 10

Climate Justice Pathway explainer 12

Section I. Legal foundations of climate justice 16

A. Key principles and frameworks underpinning climate justice 17

Box 1: Climate justice and the Youth, Peace and Security (YPS) agenda 17

Box 2: Indigenous Peoples, knowledge systems, and climate justice 23

B. Sources of rights, duties, and obligations relevant to climate action 23

Box 3: Human rights, gender equality, and the intersectionality of climate justice 28

C. Remedies and legal consequences 32

Section II. Entry points for climate justice action and accountability 35

Box 4: Access to funding and resources 36

I. Policy co-design and consultation 36

In a nutshell | Case study – São Tomé and Príncipe 41

In a nutshell | Case study – Nepal 42

II. Strategic litigation 43

In a nutshell | Case study - Pacific Islands Students Fighting Climate Change 47

III. Climate policy implementation, monitoring, and review (incl. NDC monitoring) 49

Box 5: Climate finance 49

In a nutshell | Case study – Mexico 52

IV. Participation in negotiations within the UNFCCC framework (observers, youth negotiators, delegations) 53

In a nutshell | Case study – Global youth-led climate processes 55

V. Protection and safeguarding mechanisms for young environmental and human rights defenders (EHRDs) 57

VII. Engaging with accountability and transparency mechanisms 58

Practical tools and resources 60

Loss and damage 60

Nationally determined contributions (NDCs) 62

Just transition 63

Protecting young environmental and human rights defenders 64

Conclusion: From justice claims to systemic change 66

Annexes 67

• 1.Methodology 67

• 2.Global survey questions 67

References 69