Executive Summary 4

Introduction 5

Background 5

Motivation and Scope 5

What Is Agentic AI? 6

Brief History of AI in Payments 6

Table 1. Evolution of the Use of AI in Payment Systems 7

Trustworthy Agents 8

AI -Payment Layered Model 8

Layer 1—Intent and Orchestration Layer 8

Layer 2—Control and Authorization Layer 9

Layer 3—Settlement Layer 10

Implications of Functional Separation 10

Table 2. Mapping of the Payment Journey with the Three‑Layer Model 11

Agentic AI Capabilities in Payments 12

Evolution of E-Commerce 12

Automated Cross-Border Payment Flows and Liquidity Management 13

Agentic Compliance Solutions 14

Risks, Gaps, and Mitigation Strategies 15

Table 3. Risk Classification Matrix—Agentic AI in Payments 17

Mitigation Strategies 18

Systemic Measures 18

Private Sector Measures 19

Public Sector Measures 19

Conclusion 20

References 22