Foreword 3

Glossary of acronyms 6

Executive summary 8

1 Overview of contracted-out employment service models in Italy 10

1.1. Introduction 11

1.2. The evolution of contracted-out employment services 11

1.3. Getting to GOL: Past and ongoing contracting models 14

1.4. Contracted-out employment services provided under the GOL programme 16

References 39

Notes 41

2 Key success factors and challenges in current system based on lessons from other countries 42

2.1. Introduction 43

2.2. Modern contracted-out employment programmes: Lessons from across the OECD 43

2.3. Positive features and success factors 45

2.4. Challenges and bottlenecks of current models 48

References 64

Note 66

3 A new model of contracted-out employment services 67

3.1. Introduction 68

3.2. Building a robust framework for contracted-out employment services 68

3.3. Improving efficiency and targeting 73

3.4. Strengthening providers' incentives, accountability and performance 80

3.5. Diagrams of the proposed new model 90

Reference 94

Notes 94

4 Implementation plan 95

4.1. Introduction 96

4.2. Roles and responsibilities 96

4.3. Implementation timing 100

Annex A. Additional information for new model 104

Reference 106