Key Takeaways 1

Introduction 3

Importance of the Space Industry and the United States' Role 3

How Innovative Is China's Space Industry? 6

Subsector Analysis of China's Space Industry vs. the United States 8

Low-Earth Orbit Broadband 8

Positioning, Navigation, and Timing 8

Remote Sensing and Satellite Imaging 9

Space Stations 11

Antisatellite Capabilities 12

Reusable Rockets 12

Innovation Indicators 13

Scientific Publications 13

Patents 14

Company Case Studies 16

China Academy of Launch Vehicle Technology (CALT) 16

LandSpace 16

Shanghai Spacecom Satellite Technology (SSST) 17

Government Policies Supporting China's Space Industry 18

China's Space Strategy 18

Capital Investment in China's Space Industry 19

Manufacturing Agglomeration Zones 22

What Should America Do? 22

Reform Regulations That Limit Launch Capacity 22

Replace the ISS 23

Engage International Partners at the World Radio Communications Conference 2027 23

Encourage ITU Regulatory Reform 24

Conclusion 24

Endnotes 25