About This Report iii

Summary v

Figures and Tables xiii

Chapter 1. Introduction 1

A Changing Global Defense Market 1

Methods 2

Case Study Selection 4

Organization of This Report 5

Chapter 2. Theoretical Framework and Case Study Selection 6

Developing a Theoretical Framework of Defense Acquisition Decisionmaking 6

Phase 1 Framework Factors 9

Chapter 3. Case Study 1: The Philippines’ Purchase of an Advanced Air Surveillance Radar System from Japan 28

Introduction 28

Background: Japan’s Evolving Strategic Ties with the Philippines 29

Phase 1 Factors in the Philippines’ Motivations for Acquiring Air Surveillance Radar from Japan 33

Characteristics of Japan as a Defense Supplier 36

Phase 2 Factors in the Philippines’ Purchase of Advanced Air Surveillance Radar Systems from Japan 37

Policy Implications 41

Chapter 4. Case Study 2: Poland’s Purchase of Light Air Combat Aircraft from the Republic of Korea 43

Introduction 43

Background: The Poland–Republic of Korea Defense Relationship 44

Characteristics of the Republic of Korea as a Defense Supplier 47

Phase 1 Factors: Poland’s Motivations for Acquiring Combat Aircraft 49

Phase 2: Factors Contributing to the FA-50 Purchase from the Republic of Korea 53

Policy Implications 57

Chapter 5. Case Study 3: The Netherlands’ Purchase of a Multiple-Rocket Launch System from Israel 59

Introduction 59

Background: The Netherlands–Israel Defense Relationship 60

Characteristics of Israel as a Defense Supplier 63

Phase 1 Factors: Dutch Motivations for Acquiring a Multiple-Rocket Launch System 64

Factors in the Netherlands’ Decision to Acquire the Israeli Precise and Universal Launching System 66

Policy Implications 69

Chapter 6. Case Study 4: South Africa’s Purchase of Inshore Patrol Vessels from the Netherlands 71

Introduction 71

Background: The Netherlands–South Africa Defense Relationship 72

Characteristics of the Netherlands as a Defense Supplier 75

Phase 1 Factors: South Africa’s Motivations for Acquiring Patrol Vessels 77

Phase 2 Factors Contributing to South Africa’s Purchase of Multimission Inshore Patrol Vessels from the Netherlands 81

Policy Implications 85

Chapter 7. Case Study 5: Egypt’s Purchase of Gowind Corvettes from France 87

Introduction 87

Background: The France–Egypt Defense Relationship 87

Characteristics of France as a Defense Supplier 90

Phase 1 Factors: Egypt’s Motivations for Acquiring Capability 91

Phase 2 Factors Contributing to Egypt’s Acquisition from France 96

Policy Implications 101

Chapter 8. Case Study 6: Pakistan’s Purchase of Uncrewed Aerial Vehicles from Turkey 102

Introduction 102

Background: The Pakistan–Turkey Defense Relationship 102

Characteristics of Turkey as a Defense Supplier: From Importer to Exporter, Turkey’s Rise in the Global Defense Market 106

Phase 1 Factors: Motivations for Acquiring Capability 107

Phase 2: Factors Contributing to Pakistan’s Purchase of Uncrewed Aerial Vehicles from Turkey 109

Policy Implications 116

Chapter 9. Case Study 7: The United Arab Emirates’ Purchase of Light Attack Aircraft from China 118

Introduction 118

Background: The China–United Arab Emirates Defense Relationship 118

Characteristics of China as a Defense Supplier 122

Phase 1 Factors: The United Arab Emirates’ Motivations for Acquiring Capability 124

Phase 2 Factors Contributing to the United Arab Emirates’ Aircraft Purchase from China 128

Policy Implications 134

Chapter 10. Case Study 8: India’s Purchase of Close Air-Defense Systems from the United Kingdom 136

Background: The India–UK Defense Relationship 137

Phase 1 Factors: Indian Motivations for Acquiring Capability 138

Phase 2: Factors Contributing to India’s Acquisition from the UK 141

Policy Implications 144

Chapter 11. Findings and Implications 146

Why Apply a Framework for Analyzing Partner Decisionmaking? 146

Key Observations: Why Do Countries Seek New Defense Capabilities? 147

Key Observations: Why Seek a Capability from a Particular Supplier? 148

Tracking Indicators to Better Understand the Third-Party Landscape 152

Conclusion 153

Abbreviations 155

References 158