EXECUTIVE SUMMARY  1

INTRODUCTION  5

1. AN ANALYTICAL FRAMEWORK FOR THE GEOPOLITICS OF AI GOVERNANCE  6

1.1 SUBSTANTIVE POLICY OBJECTIVES OF AI GOVERNANCE  6

1.2 LEVERS OF AI GOVERNANCE  7

1.2.1. TWO LEVERS IN A TWO-DIMENSIONAL FIELD  7

1.2.2. FOUR QUADRANTS  8

1.3 THE GEOPOLITICAL DIMENSION  10

2. GEOPOLITICS OF AI GOVERNANCE  11

2.1 AI GOVERNANCE IN THE PRC  11

DESCRIPTION  11

ANALYSIS  13

2.2 AI GOVERNANCE IN THE USA  14

DESCRIPTION  14

ANALYSIS  18

2.3 AI GOVERNANCE IN 'MIDDLE POWERS'  20

2.4 INTERNATIONAL EFFORTS  21

3. INDUSTRY TRENDS  23

4. GEOPOLITICAL OPTIONS FOR THE EU  26

4.1 CURRENT STATE OF EU AI POLICY  26

SUBSTANTIVE POLICY PRIORITIES  26

LEVERS OF GOVERNANCE  27

GEOPOLITICAL DIMENSION  29

4.2 GEOPOLITICAL OPTIONS  30

BUILDING AN EU DIGITAL EMPIRE  30

FORMING A CREDIBLE COUNTERMODEL  30

4.3 LEVERS OF GOVERNANCE: REDUCING RISK BY LEAVING MORE ROOM FOR DIVERSITY  31

5. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS  33

ABOUT CERRE  35

ABOUT THE AUTHOR  36