Key Takeaways  1

Introduction  2

Water Consumption  3

Technologies for Data Center Cooling  5

Water for Energy—Cooling Power Plants  6

Water for Energy—The Regulatory Dimension  8

The Political Dimension  9

Policy Recommendations  10

1. Mandatory Disclosure With Standardized Data Elements  10

2. Review by Watershed (Not National Mandates) Using Performance Standards (Not Technology Mandates)  11

3. Integrated Water-Energy Review  13

4. The Federal Role: Metrics, Procurement, and R&D—Not General Water Preemption  14

Conclusions  15

Endnotes  16