Executive summary  3

Chapter 1. Reasons for monitoring household energy affordability  7

The motivations and aims of this report  7

The need for a methodological framework  8

How this report was developed  11

Chapter 2. Dimensions: Understanding household energy affordability  12

Energy-affordability views across IEA countries  14

Dimensions of energy affordability  17

Chapter 3. Indicators: Choosing suitable measures and methodologies  21

Approaches to indicator design  22

Combining and composing indicators  32

Disaggregating energy-affordability indicators  38

Final overview of indicators  43

Chapter 4. Data: Collecting relevant data to develop indicators  47

Data items to be collected  48

Data sources  49

Data collection  63

Chapter 5. Methodological framework to monitor household energy affordability  65

Framework description  66

Use of the framework at a national level  70

The role of international collaboration  70

Annex  71

Annex A. Overview of household energy affordability monitoring in selected countries  71

Annex B. Survey  98

Annex C  107