Title page 1

Contents 3

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 4

FOREWORD 5

SUMMARY 6

1. INTRODUCTION: THE RISE OF ETHNONATIONALISM AND THE CASE FOR DEMOCRATIC CITIZENSHIP 8

ETHNONATIONALISM RISING 8

THE PROGRESSIVE RESPONSE 9

2. A BRIEF HISTORY OF CITIZENSHIP AND PROGRESSIVE POLITICS 10

TWO PARADIGMS OF CITIZENSHIP 10

SOCIAL CITIZENSHIP 10

ACTIVE CITIZENSHIP 11

3. NAVIGATING NOW: NEW CHALLENGES TO CITIZENSHIP 13

THREE PARADOXES OF OUR TIME 13

4. WHAT NEXT? TOWARDS DEMOCRATIC CITIZENSHIP 18

INTRODUCING DEMOCRATIC CITIZENSHIP 18

5. REBUILDING THE PUBLIC 21

INTRODUCING DEMOCRATIC CITIZENSHIP 21

1. MAXIMISING PARTICIPATION 21

2. MAKING CITIZENS 25

3. RENEWING THE PUBLIC SPHERE 26

4. BRIDGING THE DIVIDES 27

6. RESISTING OLIGARCHY 30

REFERENCES 32

TABLE 4.1. THE SHIFTING PROGRESSIVE POLITICS OF CITIZENSHIP 20

FIGURE 1.1. RISE OF THE RADICAL RIGHT 8

FIGURE 2.1. TRADE UNIONS IN DECLINE 11

FIGURE 3.1. PRIDE IN BRITAIN IS FALLING 14

FIGURE 3.2. HYPERPOLITICS IN ACTION: RISING BUT ERRATIC POLITICAL INTEREST 15

FIGURE 3.3. HYPERPOLITICS IN ACTION (2): PARTY MEMBERSHIP IN DECLINE 15

FIGURE 3.4. PARASOCIAL MEDIA 16

FIGURE 4.1. SHIFTING PUBLIC ATTITUDES ON CITIZENSHIP 18

FIGURE 4.2. UNIVERSAL, NOT EXCLUSIVE, CITIZENSHIP 19

FIGURE 5.1. THE GENERATIONAL VOTING DIVIDE 22

FIGURE 5.2. THE EDUCATIONAL VOTING DIVIDE 22