Table of contents

Acknowledgements.ii

About this report iii

Executive summary 1

1 Introduction 3

2 What becomes binding once AI adoption begins. 5

2.1 Political attention is not the primary constraint 7

2.2 AI adoption often enters through systems, not strategies 9

2.3 Data determines whether adoption becomes implementation 12

2.4 Foundations determine agency, not just capacity 15

2.5 Ecosystem capacity determines whether foundations become local value 19

2.6 Governance becomes consequential through implementation 22

2.7 The implementation test 25

3 Decision points once adoption is underway 27

4 The work ahead 33

Annex I: The AILA evidence base and methodology 34

Further Information 40