Abstract  2

Acknowledgements  3

Authors  3

1. Introduction  4

2. Combined Drought Indicator (CDI)  6

3. Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI)  8

4. Temperature  9

5. Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI)  11

6. Soil moisture  12

7. Hydrology  13

8. Vegetation and crops  14

9. Wildfires  16

10. Seasonal forecast  20

11. Reported impacts  23

11.1. Agriculture  23

11.2. Energy systems and electricity markets  23

11.3. Human health and emergency heatwave response  24

11.4. Drought and hydrological impacts on water resources  25

11.5. Drought and impacts on ecosystems  26

List of abbreviations and definitions  27

List of figures  29