LIST OF CONTENTS  III

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY  1

1 BACKGROUND  2

1.1 Purpose  3

1.2 Methodology  4

2 REGIONAL CONTEXT  5

3 COUNTRY CONTEXT  6

3.1 Brunei Darussalam  6

3.2 Cambodia  6

3.3 Indonesia  7

3.4 Lao PDR  8

3.5 Malaysia  8

3.6 Myanmar  8

3.7 Philippines  9

3.8 Singapore  9

3.9 Thailand  9

3.10 Timor-Leste  10

3.11 Viet Nam  10

4 STRATEGIC RECOMMENDATION: VISION AND STRATEGIC PILLARS (2026–2030)  11

4.1 Vision  11

4.2 Five Strategic Pillars  11

5 POLICY RECOMMENDATIONS (2026–2030)  17

6 PROPOSED PILOTS AND QUICK WINS (2026–2030)  20

7 IMPLEMENTATION AND COORDINATION  21

8 CONCLUSION  23

9 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS  24