Table of Contents

Acknowledgements  iii

Abbreviations iv

Foreword vii

Executive Summary viii

Introduction 1

Understanding just transition 6

2.1. Historical context 7

2.2. Defining just transition 12

2.3. Just transition across stakeholders 19

2.4. Just transition across sectors 22

2.5. Just transition across time 26

2.6. Elements and approaches 30

Environmental rule of law as catalyst for just transition  33

3.1. Introduction 33

3.2. Relationship between environmental rule of law and just transition 37

3.3. Application of environmental rule of law in just transition 40

Trends in making just transition work through environmental rule of law  52

4.1. Introduction 52

4.2. Laws and institutions 52

4.3. Rights 59

4.4. Civic engagement 61

4.5. Justice 65

4.6. Finance 67

Conclusions and recommendations  74

5.1. Objectives, challenges and opportunities 74

5.2. Actions to catalyse just transition anchored in environmental rule of law 78

References and literature list 82