Title page 1

Contents 1

Key Takeaways 1

How much of the $11.5 billion in IRA appropriations has EPA obligated and expended? 2

For what types of spending has EPA obligated IRA appropriations? 3

How much has EPA obligated to new and existing efforts? 4

For what purposes has EPA obligated IRA appropriations? 4

How did EPA review and select the recipients of awards? 5

What types of entities received IRA appropriations? 7

Where are the recipients of IRA appropriations located? 7

How is EPA overseeing IRA grant recipients to ensure they are achieving intended results? 8

How has EPA assessed what staff and resources it needs to effectively oversee IRA grant recipients? 10

What challenges have selected grant recipients reported facing with implementing their IRA grants? 10

Agency Comments 11

How GAO Did This Study 11

List of Addressees 12

GAO Contact Information 12

Appendix I: EPA's Inflation Reduction Act of 2022 Funding by Section 14

Appendix II: EPA's IRA Implementation by Section 16

Appendix III: EPA's IRA Obligations by State or Territory 23

Table 1. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) Competitive and Non-Competitive Grant and Cooperative Agreement Obligations... 7

Table 2. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) Inflation Reduction Act of 2022 (IRA) Obligations, Rescissions, and Expenditures... 14

Table 3. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) Implementation of About $11.5 Billion in Inflation Reduction Act of 2022 Appropriations... 16

Table 4. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) Inflation Reduction Act of 2022 Competitive and Non-Competitive Grant Obligations... 23

Figure 1. Status of About $11.5 Billion in Appropriations Provided to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency in the Inflation Reduction... 2

Figure 2. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) Obligations, by Funding Mechanism, of About $10.2 Billion in Appropriations... 3

Figure 3. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) Obligations, by Purpose, of About $10.2 Billion in Appropriations Provided to EPA... 5

Figure 4. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) Competitive and Non-Competitive Grant Obligations, by State and Territory,... 8