INTRODUCTION

  Towards Greater European Self-reliance? 5

CHAPTER ONE

  Four Years Later: European Defence-production Demand, Increases and Challenges 9

CAPABILITY VIGNETTE

  Germany’s Growing Defence Budget 30

CAPABILITY VIGNETTE

  European Space-launch Capabilities: Meeting a Growing Demand? 33

CHAPTER TWO

  The Emerging Defence-industrial Ecosystem in Central and Eastern Europe 35

CAPABILITY VIGNETTE

  European Defence Manufacturing: The Challenge of Scale and Resilience 52

CHAPTER THREE

  The Reorganisation and Rearmament of European Land Forces 55

CAPABILITY VIGNETTE

  The Emerging US Force Posture in Europe 82

CHAPTER FOUR

  NATO’s Logistics: Progress and Shortfalls 85

CAPABILITY VIGNETTE

  Competition and Tension in the Arctic and High North: Maritime Implications 100

CHAPTER FIVE

  Emerging and Disruptive Technologies for Europe’s Defence 103

CONCLUSION

  Defending Europe in a New Era 129