Foreword ix

Why this report? xi

Acknowledgements xii

Abbreviations xiii

Executive summary xiv

1. INTRODUCTION 1

  Background 3

  Purpose and methodology 5

  Scope and structure 5

2. GLOBAL OVERVIEW OF FOOD SECURITY AND NUTRITION 9

  Current and future challenges 11

  Impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic 12

  The role of forests and trees in food security and nutrition 13

3. OVERVIEW OF THE CONTRIBUTIONS OF FOREST FOODS TO FOOD SECURITY AND NUTRITION, BY REGION 29

  Background 32

  Africa 33

  The Americas 47

  Asia 61

  Europe 71

  Oceania 80

  Challenges, opportunities and recommendations 87

4. POLICY FRAMEWORKS AND INTERNATIONAL INITIATIVES 89

  Policy and legal frameworks as a catalyst for change towards food security and nutrition 91

  CFS policy recommendations on sustainable forestry for food security and nutrition 97

  China 99

  Dominican Republic 111

  Morocco 119

  Türkiye 126

  Uruguay 137

  Cross-sectoral policies and programmes 145

5. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 149

APPENDIX. METHODOLOGIES, DETAILED RESULTS, DATA GAPS AND LIMITATIONS 157

REFERENCES 173