Foreword 3

Executive summary 4

1 Introduction 5

1.1 Growing momentum for financing blue carbon ecosystems 6

1.2 Avenues for scaling private finance and the cross-cutting role for financial institutions 6

2 Financing avenues 8

2.1 Credit markets 8

2.2 Supply chains 12

2.3 Infrastructure 16

2.4 Insurance 20

3 Conclusion and recommendations 24

Acknowledgements 26

Endnotes 27