Key Takeaways 1

Introduction 3

The Index 5

  Overall Scores and Rankings 5

  Index Scoring System 9

Knowledge Economy 11

  Professional, Scientific, and Technical Employees 11

  Manufacturing Productivity 13

  Workers in STEM Jobs 15

Globalization 18

  Inward FDI 18

  High-Tech Exports 20

Innovation Capacity 22

  AI Policy 22

  Renewable Energy 23

  Household with Internet Facility 25

  R&D Personnel 27

  R&D Intensity 29

  Business Creation 31

  Patent Applications 33

Distance to the Frontier 35

U.S.-India Innovation Landscape: Divergent Capabilities, Emerging Interdependencies 41

Policy Recommendations 42

  United States 42

    Knowledge Economy 42

    Globalization 43

    Innovative Capacity 44

  India 45

    Knowledge Economy 45

    Globalization 45

    Innovative Capacity 46

Conclusion 47

Appendices 48

  Appendix A: Composite and Category Scores Methodology 48

  Appendix B: Indicator Methodologies and Weights 50

Endnotes 51