Table, Figures, and Boxes v

Foreword vi

Acknowledgments viii

Definitions x

Abbreviations xi

Executive Summary xii

1. Coastal Systems Under Rising Risk: Why Resilience Matters Now 1

 1.1 Introduction 3

 1.2 The Coastal Dividend 4

 1.3 Coastal Hazards Are Intensifying—and Fast 12

 1.4 Escalating Stresses on Coastal Systems 19

 1.5 Coastal Risks Cascade to Lives and Culture 26

2. Rising Coastal Risks: Who Pays the Price? 29

 2.1 Impacts on Human Well-Being 31

 2.2 Impacts on Economic Assets and Livelihoods 41

 2.3 Impacts on Social Equity and Cohesion 51

3. Adaptive Planning: How to Turn Coastal Risk Into Resilience 55

 3.1 Why a New Planning Paradigm Is Needed 57

 3.2 Adaptive Coastal Planning in Action 61

 3.3 Adaptive Planning Across Different Coastal Development Contexts 79

4. Financing Coastal Resilience: How to Mobilize Resources 89

 4.1 Coastal Resilience Needs in Policies and Development Plans 91

 4.2 Current Financing Flows, Gaps, and Quality  97

 4.3 Boosting Finance and Fiscal Space for Coastal Resilience 107

5. Key Messages and Recommendations: From Planning to Action 127

 5.1 Overview: The Challenges and Opportunities for Coastal Planners 129

 5.2 Foundation: Seven Principles for Adaptive Coastal Planning 131

 5.3 Moving from Planning to Action: Four Key Recommendations 131

 5.4 Conclusion 141

References 142