1. Introduction 2

2. Data and empirical approach 4

  2.1.  Description of underlying survey microdata 4

  2.2.  Global distribution, various definitions, and spatial associations 5

3. Results 7

  3.1.  Where do the poor live? 7

  3.2.  Who are the poor? 12

  3.3.  Are global trends driven by changes in country composition? 15

  3.4.  How  do  characteristics  change  when  considering  the  entire  global distribution? 16

  3.5.  Beyond incidence: depth and distribution of welfare 18

  3.6.  The  evolution  of  poverty  and  its  association  with  education  and urbanization 21

    3.6.1.  Regional differences in poverty reduction 20

    3.6.2.  Correlates of poverty change across countries 21

4. Conclusion 24