Acknowledgements 4

Acronyms and abbreviations 7

Executive Summary 8

1 Indigenous Peoples in OECD mining regions: Context and conditions 11

  Indigenous Peoples in OECD countries live mostly in rural regions 11

  Mining is also largely located in rural regions – often on or near Indigenous land 13

  Mining may boost national and regional economies, but Indigenous Peoples seldom share the benefits 14

2 Indigenous opportunities and engagement gaps in OECD mining regions 17

  Evolution of support actions to improve Indigenous outcomes in mining regions 18

  Remaining opportunities and engagement gaps in improving Indigenous well-being outcomes in mining regions 24

3 Policy pathways to improve Indigenous outcomes in OECD mining regions 27

  Indigenous self-determination and decision-making in mining contexts 27

  Indigenous economic opportunities in mining regions 32

  Facilitating improved Indigenous services and cultural well-being 40

  Supporting Indigenous environmental stewardship 42

4 Conclusion and takeaways 45

References 48

  Notes 57