Foreword v

Acknowledgements vi

Abbreviations viii

Executive summary ix

1. Introduction 1

  1.1 Determinants of NCDs 3

  1.2 Monitoring inequalities in NCDs 5

  1.3 Global commitments to address inequalities in NCDs 5

  1.4 Aims and organization of this report 6

  1.5 References 7

2. Overview of methods 9

  2.1 Data scoping 10

  2.2 Data 11

  2.3 Data analysis and interpretation 16

  2.4 Content development 17

  2.5 References 18

3. Cancer 21

  3.1 Context 23

  3.2 Approach 26

  3.3 Results 28

  3.4 Discussion 32

  3.5 References 34

4. Cardiovascular diseases 37

  4.1 Context 39

  4.2 Approach 42

  4.3 Results 45

  4.4 Discussion 52

  4.5 References 54

5. Diabetes 57

  5.1 Context 59

  5.2 Approach 61

  5.3 Results 64

  5.4 Discussion 70

  5.5 References 71

6. Chronic respiratory diseases 73

  6.1 Context 75

  6.2 Approach 77

  6.3 Results 79

  6.4 Discussion 81

  6.5 References 82

7. Alcohol use 85

  7.1 Context 87

  7.2 Approach 89

  7.3 Results 90

  7.4 Discussion 102

  7.5 References 103

8. Obesity and unhealthy diet 107

  8.1 Context 109

  8.2 Approach 112

  8.3 Results 115

  8.4 Discussion 123

  8.5 References 126

9. Insufficient physical activity 131

  9.1 Context 133

  9.2 Approach 135

  9.3 Results 136

  9.4 Discussion 143

  9.5 References 144

10. Tobacco use 147

  10.1 Context 149

  10.2 Approach 151

  10.3 Results 152

  10.4 Discussion 161

  10.5 References 162

11. Air pollution 165

  11.1 Context 167

  11.2 Approach 169

  11.3 Results 170

  11.4 Discussion 172

  11.5 References 174

12. Conclusions 177

  12.1 Equity-oriented NCD prevention and control initiatives 178

  12.2 Strengthening the collection, analysis and reporting of inequality data 181

  12.3 References 184