01. Foreword 4

 Key assessments5

02. Security challenges facing New Zealand 6

03. New Zealand’s espionage environment 10

 Chasing non-public information 11

 Targeting New Zealand’s Private Sector 12

 Targeting academic research 12

 Use of front companies  13

 Targeting operators of Ground Based Space Infrastructure 13

 Espionage activities in the wider Pacific 15

 Recruiting New Zealanders with inside access 16

04. Insider Threat 17

 Deliberate insiders 17

 Influenced insiders 18

 Unwitting insiders 18

 Common factors in New Zealand insider threat cases 19

05. New Zealand’s foreign interference environment 21

 Political interference in New Zealand 21

 Societal interference in New Zealand 22

06. New Zealand’s violent extremism environment 26

 Likely violent extremism scenario in New Zealand 27

 Radicalisation in New Zealand. 28

 Violent online communities 28

 Violent extremism in the mainstream 29

 Emerging trend 30

 Preventing and countering violent extremism in New Zealand 31

07. Resources 32

 Commonly used terms 32

 Methodology 34

 National security careers 35

 How to report a national security concern 37