01 Introduction: Anticipating Incomplete Climate Agency 1

02 Europe at a Geoengineering Crossroads 10

03 The Development and Geopolitics of China’s Geoengineering 22

04 The United States and the Geoengineering Conundrum 32

05 Global South Perspectives on Geoengineering and Climate Justice 44

06 Geoengineering, AI, and Big Tech as the Dei Ex Machina for Climate Change 54

07 How Can Europe Respond to Geoengineering’s Civilizational Wager? 64

About the Authors 75

Notes 76

Carnegie Europe 90