Foreword 3

Executive summary 6

1 Introduction 8

  Measuring the scale and diverse forms of homelessness and housing exclusion 9

  Strengthening the measurement of two forms of homelessness and housing exclusion:

  Unsheltered homelessness and temporary stays with family or friends 9

  References 13

  Notes 14

2 Overview of how OECD/EU countries measure unsheltered and hidden homelessness 15

  Measuring diverse forms of homelessness in OECD and EU countries 16

  Measuring unsheltered homelessness and temporary stays with family or friends 20

  References 26

  Notes 27

3 Approaches to measure unsheltered and hidden homelessness: A review of selected international experience 28

  Street counts as a basis for measuring unsheltered homelessness 29

  Service-based methods as a basis for measuring unsheltered homelessness and temporary stays with family or friends 32

  Administrative data as a basis for measuring unsheltered homelessness and temporary stays with family or friends 39

  Population census and household surveys as a basis for measuring unsheltered homelessness and temporary stays with family or friends 42

  Information management systems as a basis for measuring unsheltered homelessness and temporary stays with family or friends 47

  References 49

  Notes 51

4 Strengthening the measurement of unsheltered and hidden homelessness in Germany 53

  Lessons from international practice 54

  Recommendations to improve Germany’s measurement approach 58

  References 62