Authors iv

Summary 1

Part 1: Foregrounding 3

  Closing the Implementation Gap 5

  SB 53 and the First Wave of “Trust but Verify” 9

  How Implementation Matters 17

Part 2: Foundations 23

  Frontier AI Frameworks and Transparency Reports 25

  Incident Reporting 41

  Whistleblower Protections 61

  AI Assessment and Evaluation 71

Part 3: Frontiers 95

  Internal Deployments 97

  Scoping 111

  State-Federal Relationship 125

  “Trust but Verify” Beyond California 133

Notes 135

About 155