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Title page 1
Contents 4
About the Author 5
Acronyms and Abbreviations 5
Executive Summary 6
The Rise of Cryptocurrency and Proof-of-Work-Driven Energy Consumption 6
Cryptocurrency's Environmental Impact 7
Key Factors That Influence Cryptocurrency's Sustainable Trajectory 11
Forecasting Cryptocurrency's Environmental Impact 14
Recommendations 15
Conclusion 17
Annex A: Cryptocurrency Consensus Mechanisms 18
Annex B: Probability Estimates for Scenario Analysis 19
Works Cited 20
Tables 15
Table 1. Probabilistic Forecast of Future Scenarios 15
Table 2. Comparison of Select Energy-Efficient Consensus Algorithms 18
Figures 8
Figure 1. Bitcoin Energy Estimates across Studies 8
Figure 2. Comparison of Annual Global Carbon Emissions - Banking, Gold Mining and Bitcoin 9
Boxes 14
Box 1. Future Scenarios for Cryptocurrency - Unsustainable or New Opportunities? 14
