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World Economic Situation and Prospects 2026

(2026년 세계 경제 현황 및 전망)

□ 세계경제 성장률 둔화 전망
ㅇ 유엔은 2026년 1월 8일 발표한 ‘세계경제 현황 및 전망(World Economic Situation and Prospects) 2026’ 보고서에서 2026년 세계경제 성장률을 2.7%로 제시했음
ㅇ 이는 2025년 2.8%보다 낮은 수치이며, 2027년 성장률은 2.9%로 반등이 예상됨
ㅇ 팬데믹 이전 10년 평균 성장률은 3.2%였으나 최근 수년간은 그보다 낮은 수준
ㅇ 보고서는 '관세 충격에도 불구하고 세계 경제 활동은 회복력이 있는 것으로 드러났다'라고 평가함


□ 관세 정책과 무역 영향
ㅇ 미국 트럼프 대통령이 2025년 4월 대부분 교역 상대국에 부과한 관세 충격이 2026년부터 본격 반영됨
ㅇ 글로벌 교역 증가율은 2025년 3.8% → 2026년 2.2%로 둔화될 것으로 전망됨
ㅇ 선주문, 재고축적, 견조한 소비, 완화적 통화정책, 안정적 노동시장이 완충 역할을 함
ㅇ 무역 성장세와 전반적 교역 활동은 단기적으로 완만해질 가능성이 크다고 보고됨


□ 지정학적 긴장과 위험 요인
ㅇ 유엔은 무역 갈등 외에도 각종 지정학적 분쟁이 성장률을 낮출 수 있다고 경고함
ㅇ 안토니우 구테흐스 유엔 사무총장은 '경제적·지정학적·기술적 긴장'이 글로벌 환경을 재편하고 있다고 발언함
ㅇ 금융 위험과 관세정책의 법적 불확실성도 성장세 둔화 요인으로 지적됨

□ 국가별 경제 성장률 전망
ㅇ 미국은 2025년 1.9% → 2026년 2.0%로 증가할 것으로 전망됨
ㅇ 유럽연합은 2025년 1.5% → 2026년 1.3%로 하락할 것으로 예상됨
ㅇ 중국은 2025년 4.9% → 2026년 4.6%로 둔화될 것으로 전망됨
ㅇ 일본은 2025년 1.2% → 2026년 0.9%로 둔화될 것으로 관측됨

□ 한국 경제 전망
ㅇ 한국은 2026년 1.8%, 2027년 2.0% 성장할 것으로 예상됨
ㅇ 한국은행은 2025년 11월 보고서에서 2026년 1.8%, 2027년 1.9% 성장을 비슷하게 전망한 바 있음
ㅇ 2025년 성장률은 1.1%였으며 2026년에는 소폭 상승할 것으로 전망됨

□ 에너지 시장과 걸프 지역
ㅇ 걸프협력회의(GCC)는 석유 생산량 증가로 2025년 3.9% → 2026년 4.5% 성장할 것으로 예상됨
ㅇ 걸프 지역 인플레이션은 약 2%대를 유지할 것으로 전망됨
ㅇ 석유수출국기구(OPEC)는 2023년 4월 하루 165만 배럴 감산 철회를 했으나 최근 미국이 베네수엘라 석유 통제 계획을 내놓자 생산량을 동결




[출처]
유엔 “트럼프 관세 여파, 2026년 본격화”…세계 성장률 2.7%로 둔화 (2026.01.09.) / 이데일리

유엔, 올해 세계경제 성장률 2.7% 전망…한국은 1.8%로 예상 (2026.01.09.) / 연합뉴스

유엔, 올해 세계 경제성장률 2.7%로 둔화-한국 1.8%로 상승 전망 (2026.01.09.) / 뉴시스


목차

foreword III

Explanatory notes Iv

Acknowledgements v

Sustainable Development Goals vI

Executive summary vII


Chapter I Global Economic Outlook 5

Global economic environment and growth prospects 5

Stable but subdued global growth outlook 5

Regional economic prospects remaining broadly stable 9

Prospects for lDCs, llDCs, and SIDS 11

Inflation 13

Continued global disinflation, yet uneven progress 13

International trade, commodities, and investment 14

Global trade showing resilience but momentum expected to soften 14

Diverging trends among commodity markets 21

Subdued global investment, with AI-related gains in some countries 23

International finance 28

Robust cross-border financial flows, with risks looming 28

Bleak outlook for official development assistance 32

Robust growth in remittances amid new challenges 33

Labour market trends and challenges 34

Labour markets remaining largely stable 34

The impact of AI technologies on labour markets 37

Macroeconomic policy challenges 38

Monetary policy: continued easing amid moderating inflation 38

Fiscal policy: growing spending demands, but limited room to manoeuvre 41

Reinvigorating international cooperation for sustainable development 47


Chapter II Inflation and Price Dynamics in a Fragile Global Economy 51

Introduction 51

The current inflation landscape 52

Retreating from highs, yet remaining elevated 52

Navigating volatile and unpredictable price dynamics 56

Disentangling the roots of stubborn inflation 56

Persistent supply-side factors reshaping inflation dynamics 62

The impact of inflation on sustainable development 67

The distributional impacts of inflation 68

Long-term and structural effects 71

Policy tools to manage inflation 73

Monetary policy in a world of recurrent supply shocks 73

Fiscal policies for the short and long terms 78

Diversifying and strengthening supply chains 84

Policy alignment 85

International cooperation amid inflationary pressures 87

Central bank actions 87

Global and regional support: from immediate relief to long-term resilience 88

The Sevilla Commitment: towards a more inclusive global financial system 89

Strengthening the multilateral trading system 90


Chapter III Regional Developments and Outlook 93

Developed economies 93

North America 93

Europe 96

Developed economies in Asia and the Pacific 101

Economies in transition 105

Commonwealth of Independent States and Georgia 105

South-Eastern Europe 108

Developing economies 111

Africa 111

East Asea 119

South Asia 127

Western Asia 133

Latin America and the Caribbean 141

해시태그

#세계경제성장률 # 유엔보고서 #미국관세정책 #지정학적리스크 #무역둔화 #에너지시장

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World Economic Situation and Prospects 2026

(2026년 세계 경제 현황 및 전망)